Research has shown that voluntary contraceptive use by women living with HIV currently prevents more HIV-positive births, at a lower cost, than antiretroviral therapy (ART) for pregnant and nursing women. Yet many prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs fail to include family planning services for women living with HIV who wish to prevent pregnancy. Even among women living with HIV who are pregnant or wish to become pregnant, offering postpartum family planning services as part of the PMTCT program can facilitate healthy timing and spacing of future pregnancies and better health outcomes for the mother and her children. The materials describe a number of models for integrating family planning into PMTCT programs and outline the costs and benefits of such programs.

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