Bibliography for Essential Knowledge about the LNG-IUS (Mirena®)

See also: Method Characteristics of the LNG-IUS | Client Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding the LNG-IUS | Service Delivery and the LNG-IUS | How Organizations and Providers Can Obtain the LNG-IUS
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  • ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins—Gynecology. ACOG practice bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Number 59, January 2005. Intrauterine device. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105(1):223-32.
  • Andersson K, Batar I, Rybo G. Return to fertility after removal of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device and Nova-T. Contraception 1992;46(6):575-84.
  • Andersson K, Odlind V, Rybo G. Levonorgestrel-releasing and copper-releasing (Nova T) IUDs during five years of use: a randomized comparative trial. Contraception 1994;49(1):56-72.
  • Andersson K, Rybo G. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in the treatment of menorrhagia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990;97(8):690–94.
  • Backman T, Huhtala S, Luoto R, et al. Advance information improves user satisfaction with the levonorgestrel intrauterine system. Obstet Gynecol 2002;99(4):608-13.
  • Backman T, Rauramo I, Huhtala S, et al. Pregnancy during the use of levonorgestrel intrauterine system. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190(1):50-54.
  • Barrington JW, Bowen-Simpkins P. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system in the management of menorrhagia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104:614-16.
  • Bayer, Inc. Product Monograph. Mirena: Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System (52 mg) to Deliver Up to 20 μg Levonorgestrel per Day. Toronto: Bayer, Inc., 2008.
  • Belhadj H, Sivin I, Diaz S, et al. Recovery of fertility after use of the levonorgestrel 20 mcg/d or Copper T 380 Ag intrauterine device. Contraception 1986;34(3):261-67.
  • Chiou CF, Trussell J, Reyes E, Knight K Wallace J. Economic analysis of contraceptives for women. Contraception 2003;68(1):3-10.
  • Davie JE, Walling MR, Mansour DJ, et al. Impact of patient counseling on acceptance of the levonorgestrel implant contraceptive in the United Kingdom. Clin Ther 1996;18(1):150-59.
  • Diaz J, Bahamondes L, Monteiro I, et al. Acceptability and performance of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena®) in Campinas, Brazil. Contraception 2000: 62(2):59-61.
  • Eroglu K, Akkuzu G, Vural G, et al. Comparison of efficacy and complications of IUD insertion in immediate postplacental/early postpartum period with interval period: 1 year follow-up. Contraception 2006;74(5):376-81.
  • Faculty of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care Clinical Effectiveness Unit. FFPRHC Guidance (April, 2004). The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in contraception and reproductive health. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2004;30(2):99-108.
  • French R, Van Vliet H, Cowan F, et al. Hormonally impregnated intrauterine systems (IUSs) versus other forms of reversible contraceptives as effective methods of preventing pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;2:CD001776.
  • French RS, Cowman FM, Mansour D. Levonorgestrel-releasing (20 microgram/day) intrauterine systems (Mirena) compared with other methods of reversible contraceptives. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2000;107(10):1218-25.
  • Furlong LA. Ectopic pregnancy risk when contraception fails: a review. J Reprod Med 2002;47(11):881-85.
  • Grimes DA. Intrauterine device and upper-genital-tract infection. Lancet 2000;356(9234):1013-19.
  • Grimes D, Schulz K, van Vliet H, et al. Immediate post-partum insertion of intrauterine devices. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;1:CD003036.
  • Grimes DA, Lopez LM, Manion C, et al. Cochrane systematic reviews of IUD trials: lessons learned. Contraception 2007;75(6 Suppl 1):S55-S59.
  • Heikinheimo O, Lehtovirta P, Suni J, et al. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in HIV-infected women—effects on bleeding patterns, ovarian function and genital shedding of HIV. Hum Reprod 2006;21(11):2857-61.
  • Harrison-Woolrych M, Ashton J, Coulter D. Uterine perforation on intrauterine device insertion: is the incidence higher than previously reported? Contraception 2003;67(1):53-56.
  • Hubacher D, Lara-Ricalde R, Taylor DJ, et al. Use of copper intrauterine devices and the risk of tubal infertility among nulligravid women. N Engl J Med 2001;345(8):561-67.
  • Hurskainen R, Teperi J, Rissanen P, et al. Clinical outcomes and costs with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system or hysterectomy for treatment of menorrhagia randomized trial 5-year follow-up. JAMA 2004;291(12):1456-63.
  • Ibraheim M, Ikomi A. An evaluation of troublesome inter-menstrual bleeding in menorrhagic users of the LNG-IUS. J Obstet Gynaecol 2005;25(4):384-85.
  • Inki P, Hurskainen R, Palo P, et al. Comparison of ovarian cyst formation in women using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system vs. hysterectomy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002;20(4):381-85.
  • Jensen JT. Contraceptive and therapeutic effects of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system: an overview. Obstet Gynecological Surv 2005;60(9):604-12.
  • Jensen JT. Noncontraceptive applications of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system. Curr Womens Health Rep 2002;2(6):417-22.
  • Jensen JT, Nelson AL, Costales AC. Subject and clinician experience with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Contraception 2008;77(1):22-29.
  • Kriplani A, Singh BM, Lal S, et al. Efficacy, acceptability and side effects of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system for menorrhagia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007;97(3):190-94.
  • Lehtovirta P, Paavonen J, Heikinheimo O.Experience with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system among HIV-infected women. Contraception 2007;75(1):37-99.
  • Management Sciences for Health (MSH). International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Cambridge, MA: MSH, 2007.
  • Mansour D. Copper IUD and LNG IUS compared with tubal occlusion. Contraception 2007;75(6 Suppl 1):S144-S151.
  • Murray H, Baakdah H, Bardell T, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) 2005;173(8):905-12.
  • Penney G, Brechin S, de Souza A, et al. FFPRHC Guidance (January 2004). The copper intrauterine device as long-term contraception. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2004;30(1):29-41.
  • Prager S, Darney PD. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system in nulliparous women. Contraception 2007;75(6 Suppl 1):S12-S15.
  • Ronnerdag M, Odlind,V. Health effects of long-term use of the intrauterine levonorgestrel-releasing system. A follow-up study over 12 years of continuous use. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999;78(8):716-21.
  • Salman G, Irvine LM. Ectopic pregnancy, the need for standardisation of rate. J Obstet Gynaecol 2008;28(1):32-35.
  • Schwanenflugel D. Reproductive Health Commodity Security: Adequacy of the International Architecture for Finance and Supply. London: DFID Health Resource Centre, 2005.
  • Shaamash AH, Sayed GH, Hussien MM, et al. A comparative study of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system Mirena versus the Copper T380A intrauterine device during lactation: breast-feeding performance, infant growth and infant development. Contraception 2005;72(5):346-51.
  • Sivin I. Dose- and age-dependent ectopic pregnancy risks with intrauterine contraception. Obstet Gynecol 1991;78(2):291-98.
  • Sivin I, Stern J, Coutinho E, et al. Prolonged intrauterine contraception: a seven-year randomized study of the levonorgestrel 20 mcg/day (LNg 20) and the Copper T380 Ag IUDs. Contraception 1991;44(5):473-80.
  • Skjeldestad FE. The impact of intrauterine devices on subsequent fertility. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2008;20(3):275-80.
  • Stanback J, Qureshi Z, Sekadde-Kigondu C, et al. Checklist for ruling out pregnancy among family-planning clients in primary care. Lancet 1999;354(9178):566.
  • Sturridge F, Guillebaud J. A risk-benefit assessment of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Drug Saf 1996;15(6):430-40.
  • Toivonen J, Luukkainen T, Allonen H. Protective effect of intrauterine release of levonorgestrel on pelvic infection: three years’ comparative experience of levonorgestrel- and copper-releasing intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynecol 1991;77(2):261-64.
  • Thonneau P, Almont T. Contraceptive efficacy of intrauterine devices. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198(4):485.
  • Thonneau P, Almont,T, de La Rochebrochard E, et al. Risk factors for IUD failure: results of a large multicentre case-control study. Hum Reprod 2006;21(10):2612-26.
  • Trussell J, Lalla AM, Doan QV, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of contraceptives available in the United States. Contraception 2008;78(2):177-78.
  • Trussell J, Leveque A, Koenig JD, et al. The economic value of contraception: a comparison of 15 methods. Am J Public Health 1995;85(4):494-503.
  • Udanide J, Odaf K, Borenstein Diaz J, et al. Acceptability and performance of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) in Campinas, Brazil. Contraception 2000;62(2):59-61.
  • United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Population Fund, World Health Organization, et al. Long-term reversible contraception: twelve years of experience with the TCu380A and TCu220C. Contraception 1997;56(6):341-52.
  • United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). Mirena (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system) Application #021225. Washington, DC: USFDA, July, 2008.
  • Varma R, Sinha D, Gupta JK. Non-contraceptive uses of levonorgestrel-releasing hormone system (LNG-IUS)—a systematic enquiry and overview. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006;125(1):9-28.
  • Veldhuis H M, Vos AG, Lagro-Janssen AL. Complications of the intrauterine device in nulliparous and parous women. Eur J Gen Pract 2004;10(3):82-87.
  • World Health Organization/Department of Reproductive Health and Research (WHO), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs/INFO Project (CCP). Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers. Baltimore, MD, and Geneva: CCP and WHO, 2007.
  • World Health Organization/Department of Reproductive Health and Research (WHO), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs/INFO Project (CCP). Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers. Baltimore, MD, and Geneva: CCP and WHO, 2008 update.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use. Geneva: WHO, 2004a.
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  • Xiao B, Wu SC, Chong J, et al. Therapeutic effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia. Fertil Steril 2003;79(4):963-69.
  • Zhang L, Weng L. Clinical study on women with amenorrhea after levonorgestrel intrauterine system. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2001;36(11):675-77.